reste de l'europe
![[PARLEMENT DE PARIS – CHAMBRE DES ENQUÊTES]](/assets/image/picture_3566742/b0cd9/c33a41cfb271cc2ca11cd077c84c8dd71700607600jpg__fix_374_244.jpeg)
![[PARLEMENT DE PARIS – CHAMBRE DES ENQUÊTES]](https://veryimportantlot.com/assets/image/picture_3566742/b0cd9/c33a41cfb271cc2ca11cd077c84c8dd71700607600jpg__fix_374_244.jpeg)
Niki de Saint Phalle was a French-American sculptor, painter, filmmaker, and author of colorful hand-illustrated books. Widely noted as one of the few female monumental sculptors, Saint Phalle was also known for her social commitment and work.
![[CRIS DE PARIS].](/assets/image/picture_2734747/e082f/9e260078cfdfd4639596f4c29227ce3d1679526000jpg__fix_374_244.jpeg)
![[CRIS DE PARIS].](https://veryimportantlot.com/assets/image/picture_2734747/e082f/9e260078cfdfd4639596f4c29227ce3d1679526000jpg__fix_374_244.jpeg)
![[VAUBAN, Sébastien Le Prestre, marquis de (1633-1707)]](/assets/image/picture_3601557/4e357/lxe2nv2jvhdppszm1zilhiurbvzx9q9vxoyxgr52ta0ogi4zdn3-n-enqqjpdx1700207013jpg__fix_374_244.jpeg)
![[VAUBAN, Sébastien Le Prestre, marquis de (1633-1707)]](https://veryimportantlot.com/assets/image/picture_3601557/4e357/lxe2nv2jvhdppszm1zilhiurbvzx9q9vxoyxgr52ta0ogi4zdn3-n-enqqjpdx1700207013jpg__fix_374_244.jpeg)
![[NAPOLÉON BONAPARTE, EMPEREUR DES FRANÇAIS (1769-1821)] et Joseph-Henri FLACON-ROCHELLE (1781-1834)](/assets/image/picture_3601381/567e7/t5thljtyjvssfc78c1kjb8detdr9sa9z6b0dfgoakgbnhjolcihne22zzev91yqf1700205866jpg__fix_374_244.jpeg)
![[NAPOLÉON BONAPARTE, EMPEREUR DES FRANÇAIS (1769-1821)] et Joseph-Henri FLACON-ROCHELLE (1781-1834)](https://veryimportantlot.com/assets/image/picture_3601381/567e7/t5thljtyjvssfc78c1kjb8detdr9sa9z6b0dfgoakgbnhjolcihne22zzev91yqf1700205866jpg__fix_374_244.jpeg)
Napoleon I Bonaparte was a French statesman and military leader, Emperor of France (1804-1815).
Napoleon was born in the family of an ignorant Corsican nobleman, graduated from the Brienne military school, then the Paris military school. In 1785 he began military service in the rank of junior lieutenant of artillery in the Royal Army. From the first days of the Great French Revolution of 1789-1799 Bonaparte joined the political struggle on the island of Corsica, in 1792 in Valence joined the Jacobin Club and actively participated in all the turbulent political and military events.
In November 1799 Napoleon was at the head of a coup d'état: the government of the Directory was deposed, and the French Republic was headed by three consuls, the first of whom was Napoleon. In June 1804 Bonaparte was proclaimed Emperor Napoleon I of France, and in December a lavish coronation ceremony took place. After Italy recognized him as its king, in March 1805 he was also crowned in Milan.
With his rise to power, France entered a period of almost continuous warfare. Napoleon greatly expanded the territory of the empire, made most of the states of Western and Central Europe dependent on France. His brothers became kings: Joseph in Naples, Louis in Holland, and Jerome in Westphalia. In 1812, Napoleon made a campaign against Russia and even reached Moscow, but the Russian troops under the leadership of commander M.I. Kutuzov with the active support of all the people completely defeated the "invincible army". This military campaign was the beginning of the collapse of Napoleon's empire. The entry of the anti-French coalition troops into Paris in March 1814 forced Napoleon I to abdicate (April 6, 1814).
Napoleon retained the title of Emperor and was given possession of the island of Elba in the Mediterranean Sea. However, in March 1815, the deposed emperor at the head of a small detachment suddenly landed in the south of France and three weeks later, without a single shot entered Paris. But the emperor failed to live up to the hopes of the people of France, plus his defeat at the Battle of Waterloo all led to his second abdication. As a result, Napoleon Bonaparte was exiled to the island of St. Helena in the Atlantic Ocean, where he died on May 5, 1821.
![[QIANLONG, Empereur de Chine (1711-1799) et Charles-Nicolas COCHIN (1715-1790), dir.]](/assets/image/picture_3601309/f9d87/rqfwcmyodhwl6a3u3cnvjqatap9yfxpvbnyt77bbuqb0bh1q4smembav9v5ika1700204263jpg__fix_374_244.jpeg)
![[QIANLONG, Empereur de Chine (1711-1799) et Charles-Nicolas COCHIN (1715-1790), dir.]](https://veryimportantlot.com/assets/image/picture_3601309/f9d87/rqfwcmyodhwl6a3u3cnvjqatap9yfxpvbnyt77bbuqb0bh1q4smembav9v5ika1700204263jpg__fix_374_244.jpeg)
Charles-Nicolas Cochin was a French engraver, designer, writer, and art critic. To distinguish him from his father of the same name, he is variously called Charles-Nicolas Cochin the Younger, Charles-Nicolas Cochin the son, or Charles-Nicolas Cochin II.
More than fifteen hundred works by Cochin can be identified. They include historical subjects, book illustrations, and portraits in pencil and crayon. The richest collection of his engravings, apparently selected by himself, is in the Royal Library, now part of the Bibliothèque nationale.
![[BERNARD DE MONTBRISON, Louis Simon Joseph (1768-1841)].](/assets/image/picture_2735096/b82f4/e5ba5557788791a6d3a2071f4d2968601679526000jpg__fix_374_244.jpeg)
![[BERNARD DE MONTBRISON, Louis Simon Joseph (1768-1841)].](https://veryimportantlot.com/assets/image/picture_2735096/b82f4/e5ba5557788791a6d3a2071f4d2968601679526000jpg__fix_374_244.jpeg)
Léon Spilliaert was a Belgian artist. He is known for his unique style of symbolism, with many of his works featuring dream-like landscapes, eerie still lifes, and enigmatic figures.
Spilliaert grew up in a wealthy family, and he initially studied architecture before turning to art. He was largely self-taught, and his work was heavily influenced by the Belgian symbolist movement, as well as the works of artists such as James Ensor and Edvard Munch.
Spilliaert was particularly interested in exploring the mysteries of the human psyche, and many of his works reflect a sense of unease or uncertainty. He often used strong contrasts of light and shadow to create a sense of drama and tension in his works, and his use of color was often muted and subdued.
Despite his success as an artist, Spilliaert was a deeply private individual, and he rarely exhibited his work during his lifetime. He continued to work throughout his life, however, producing a large body of haunting and enigmatic works that continue to captivate audiences today.
Pierre Patel was a French painter. He primarily painted landscapes.
![[LIVRE DE FÊTES]](/assets/image/picture_3566967/3f1ad/e9d0794c6ec1ba831b8b757e89c237401700607600jpg__fix_374_244.jpeg)
![[LIVRE DE FÊTES]](https://veryimportantlot.com/assets/image/picture_3566967/3f1ad/e9d0794c6ec1ba831b8b757e89c237401700607600jpg__fix_374_244.jpeg)
![[MENON, Joseph (ca. 1700-1771)].](/assets/image/picture_2735044/f0290/9bc9a7a70b3a95512c9157f70f27ac931679526000jpg__fix_374_244.jpeg)
![[MENON, Joseph (ca. 1700-1771)].](https://veryimportantlot.com/assets/image/picture_2735044/f0290/9bc9a7a70b3a95512c9157f70f27ac931679526000jpg__fix_374_244.jpeg)
Hartmann Schedel was a German humanist, medical scientist, historian and chronicler.
Schedel was the first to compile a world chronicle, the so-called Visual History of the Earth from the Creation of the World to the 1490s, known as Schedelsche Weltchronik (Schedel's World Chronicle). It was published in 1493 in Nuremberg. About 600 woodcuts for this book were created by the artists and engravers Michael Wolgemuth (1434-1519) and Albrecht Dürer (1471-1528). The illustrations depict biblical scenes, family trees, portraits of famous personalities, and fairy tale or legendary creatures. However, the main ones here were maps of the world, Germany and Central Europe.
Hartmann Schedel was one of the first cartographers to use machine printing. He was also a renowned collector of books, artworks and engravings by old masters.
